侵权损害赔偿定期金规则的欠缺与具体适用

The Lack and Specific Application of the Rules of Periodic Payment for Tort Damages

《民法典》第1187条规定的“分期支付”不是严格意义上的定期金赔偿,最高人民法院新版人身损害赔偿司法解释规定的定期金赔偿具体规则,能够解决司法之急需,但是也存在明显的欠缺,没有将死者生前扶养人生活费赔偿纳入定期金赔偿的范围之中,对于定期金判决的既判力和变更也没有作出具体规定等,都应当予以补充。对此,应当以《民法典》现有规定为基础,通过司法解释进行补充。司法实务应当不断完善定期金适用规则,对符合定期金赔偿目的的人身损害赔偿,基于权利人的申请都应当予以适用,保护好侵权赔偿权利人的权利,平衡好当事人之间的利益关系。

The installment payment stipulated in Article 1187 of the Civil Code is not a fixed-term periodic payment in the strict sense of the word. The specific rules of periodic compensation stipulated in the new version of the Judicial Interpretation of Personal Injury Compensation of the Supreme People’s Court can meet the urgent needs of the judiciary. However, there is a clear deficiency in this rule, which does not include the compensation for the living expenses of the deceased’s dependents in the scope of periodic compensation, nor does it specify the judgment and change of the fixed-term payment judgment. These elements should be supplemented. It would be appropriate to supplement it with judicial interpretation, based on the existing provisions of the Civil Code. Judicial practice should constantly improve the rules for the application of fixed-term benefits, and the application of rights holders on the basis of claims for personal injury that meets the purpose of periodic compensation shall be applied. In this way, we can protect the rights of the right holders of parental compensation and balance the interests between the parties.