黑龙江省野生软枣猕猴桃果实表型性状多样性分析

Analysis on Phenotypic Diversity of Wild Actinidia arguta Fruit in Heilongjiang Province

以98份野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源为试材,采用变异系数、多样性指数、相关性、主成分和聚类分析方法,研究了果实表型性状的多样性,探索了黑龙江省野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源果实表型性状的变异特点和多样性,以期为野生软枣猕猴桃优良种质筛选和品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:8个果实质量性状变异类型多,其中果实形状、果喙形状、果肉颜色、果心颜色和果心横切面形状等变异范围较大。Shannon-weaver多样性指数(H′)变化范围为0.646~1.689,其中果实形状、果肉颜色、果喙形状的多样性指数较高。7个数量性状中,变异系数范围为13.82%~36.34%,以单果质量的变异系数最大,果实横径和果实侧径的变异系数较小;H′指数为1.353~1.467。相关性分析结果表明,果实数量性状间大多存在显著或极显著相关性,以单果质量与果实三径相关系数较大。主成分分析结果表明,3个主成分的累计贡献率为82.322%,反映了果实大小及质量指标。结合相关性和主成分分析,果实性状可作为野生选优的重要指标。聚类分析可将98份资源分为7类,第1、2类果实大小及质量均较大,可作为遗传改良的优良资源;第3类和第4类的果实综合性状表现中等,可作为野生驯化的资源;第5类果大,可用于培育大果品种;第6类果实长椭圆形,可用于培育长果品种;第7类果实具有红皮、红心特征,可作为特异资源用于新品种培育和杂交亲本。综上分析,黑龙江省野生猕猴桃果实表型性状变异类型丰富、变异幅度大且程度高,遗传多样性丰富,育种选择潜力大。

Ninety-eight wild Actinidia arguta germplasm resources were used as the test materials,the methods included coefficient of variation,diversity index,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis were carried out to study the diversity of fruit phenotypic traits,the variation characteristics and diversity of fruit phenotypic traits of wild A.arguta germplasm resources in Heilongjiang Province were explored,in order to provide a reference for the selection of excellent germplasm and variety breeding of wild A.arguta.The results showed that there were many variation types of eight fruit quality traits,and the variation range of fruit shape,beak shape,flesh color,core color and core cross section shape was large.The Shannon-weaver diversity index(H′)ranged from 0.646 to 1.689,and the diversity index of fruit shape,flesh color and beak shape was higher.Among the seven quantitative traits,the coefficient of variation ranged from 13.82%to 36.34%,the coefficient of variation of single fruit weight was the largest,the coefficient of variation of fruit transverse diameter and fruit lateral diameter was smaller,and the H′index was 1.353-1.467.The results of correlation analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlations among fruit quantitative traits,and the correlation coefficient between single fruit weight and fruit three diameters was larger.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components was 82.322%,which reflected the fruit size and quality index.Combined with correlation and principal component analysis,fruit traits could be used as an important index for wild selection.Cluster analysis showed that 98 resources could be divided into 7 groups.The first and second groups had large fruit size and quality,which could be used as excellent resources for genetic improvement;the third and fourth groups had medium comprehensive characters,which could be used as resources for wild domestication;the fifth group had large fruit,which could be used to cultivate large fruit varieties;the sixth group had long oval fruit,which could be used to cultivate long fruit varieties;the seventh group had red skin and red heart.It could be used as a special resource for breeding new varieties and crossing parents.In conclusion,the phenotypic traits of wild A.arguta fruit in Heilongjiang Province had rich variation types,large variation range and high degree,rich genetic diversity and great breeding potential.