京郊温室黄瓜滴灌优化施肥技术应用研究

Study on Application Effect of Optimized Fertilization on Greenhouse Cucumber Under Drip Irrigation in Beijing Suburb

以"北农佳秀"黄瓜品种为试验材料,采用田间验证试验的方法,研究了滴灌优化施肥对温室黄瓜产量、品质、经济效益及节肥效果的影响,以期为温室黄瓜化肥减量和提质增效提供参考依据。结果表明:与农民习惯施肥相比,优化施肥处理在大幅度减少肥料用量的情况下不减产,并且黄瓜硝酸盐含量显著降低。在3个不同肥力试验点,优化施肥OPT处理节约化肥N、P2O5、K2O(纯养分)分别为4~351 kg·hm^(-2)、38~127 kg·hm^(-2)、99~205 kg·hm^(-2),3个试验点黄瓜硝酸盐含量分别降低21%、16%和17%,经济效益分别增加11%、24%和9%,节肥增收效果显著。同时3个试验点土壤速效磷含量分别减少43%、12%和1%,有助于降低菜田磷富集和面源污染风险。

Taking‘Beinongjiaxiu’cucumber variety as experimental material,the effects of drip irrigation optimized fertilization on yield,quality,economic benefit and fertilizer saving effect of greenhouse cucumber were studied by field verification test,in order to provide reference for reducing chemical fertilizer and improving quality and efficiency of greenhouse cucumber.The results showed that compared with the farmers′conventional fertilization,the optimized fertilization treatment did not reduce the yield,and the nitrate content of cucumber decreased significantly.In three different fertility test sites,the nitrogen,P2 O5 and K2 O(pure nutrient)saved by opt treatment were 4-351 kg·hm^(-2),38-127 kg·hm^(-2),99-205 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The nitrate content of cucumber in three experimental sites decreased by 21%,16%and 17%,and the economic benefits increased by 11%,24%and 9%,respectively.At the same time,the soil available phosphorus decreased by 43%,12%and 1%,respectively,which helped to reduce the risk of phosphorus accumulation and non-point source pollution.