青岛滨海绿地降温效应及其影响因素——以市南区与市北区为例

Study on the Cooling Effect and Influencing Factors of Green Space in Qingdao Coastal Area—Shi’nan and Shibei Districts as an Example

针对沿海城市热岛效应明显但缺乏关注的现象,以青岛市市南区与市北区的24块绿地作为研究对象,在陆地卫星Landsat 8遥感影像反演地表温度的基础上,分析绿地降温效应及其影响因素。研究表明:绿地降温范围内缓冲带平均温度(T)与距离(L)的关系可用三次多项式较好地拟合;绿地面积和周长是影响绿地降温范围的主要因子,绿地面积、周长、归一化植被指数与绿地高程对绿地降温幅度有积极影响,绿地到海岸线距离对降温幅度有积极影响;绿地平均温度与绿地内树冠覆盖面积、周边环境绿地面积呈负相关,与周边环境不透水率、绿地中心到海岸线距离呈正相关。基于以上结果分析影响市南区与市北区绿地降温效应的各类因素及影响机制,提出了绿地规划设计的相关建议,对指导城市绿地规划建设、改善城市热环境有重要理论意义和参考价值。

Although the heat island effect of coastal cities is known,it seldom receives attention.24 green areas in Shi’nan and Shibei Districts of Qingdao were chosen as the research objects.Based on land surface temperature retrieval from the Landsat 8 TM Thermal Band,the cooling effect of green spaces and their influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that the relationship between the average temperature(T)and distance(L)of the buffer zone within the green space cooling range can be better fitted with a cubic polynomial;the area and perimeter of the green space were the main factors affecting the cooling range,while the area,perimeter,NDVI,and elevation of green spaces had positive impacts on the cooling range;and the distance between green space and coastline had a positive effect on the cooling range;the average temperature of green spaces was negatively related to the area covered by the tree crown and green area of the surrounding environment.It was positively related to the impervious rate of the surrounding environment and the linear distance from the green space center to the coastline.Based on these results,this paper analyzes various factors and influencing mechanisms that affect the cooling effect of green spaces in Shi’nan and Shibei Districts and puts forward relevant suggestions on green space planning and design,which has important theoretical significance and reference value for guiding urban green space planning and construction and improving the urban thermal environment.