镇压对宽幅播种冬小麦产量和干物质积累转运的影响

Effect of Suppression on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport of Wide-Sowing Winter Wheat

为明确小麦宽幅播种模式下,不同时期镇压对小麦产量和干物质积累转运的影响,于2018-2020年小麦生长季进行不同时期镇压处理的田间试验。小麦供试品种为泰科麦33,设置11个镇压处理,分别为SP1(播种前)、SP2(播种后)、SP3(播种前+播种后)、SP4(播种前+播种后+返青期)、SP5(播种前+播种后+起身期)、SP6(播种前+播种后+返青期+起身期)、SP7(播种后+返青期)、SP8(播种后+起身期)、SP9(播种后+返青期+起身期)、SP10(返青期)、SP11(起身期),CK为整个生育期不进行镇压。测定了小麦不同生育时期土壤水分含量和不同生育阶段的干物质积累量,系统分析了不同镇压处理下小麦干物质积累和转运特性及其对小麦群体动态变化和产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明,SP8处理下小麦的穗数和产量最高,分别达到686.6×10^(4)·hm^(-2)和10818 kg·hm^(-2),且显著高于其他处理;镇压处理显著影响小麦的群体动态变化,SP8处理下小麦拔节期、开花期和成熟期的群体最大,且与其他处理间差异显著;镇压处理显著提高了小麦各生育阶段干物质积累量、花前干物质向籽粒的转运量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率,SP8处理下,整个生育期的生物量最高,为16085 kg·hm^(-2),收获指数为52.7%,花前干物质转运量达到4156 kg·hm^(-2),花前干物质对籽粒产量贡献率为49.0%,均显著高于其他镇压处理。综合以上结果,宽幅播种模式下镇压处理对小麦产量及干物质积累、转运有显著影响,最佳镇压方式为SP8处理,即播后镇压和起身期镇压相结合。

In order to clarify the effects of different suppression periods on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation and transport under the wide planting pattern of wheat,field experiments were conducted in the wheat growing season of 2018-2020 under different suppression periods.The tested wheat variety was Taikemai 33,and 11 suppression treatments were set up:SP1(before sowing),SP2(after sowing),SP3(before sowing+after sowing),SP4(before sowing+after sowing+re-greening period),SP5(before sowing+after sowing+booting period),SP6(before sowing+after sowing+re-greening+booting period),SP7(after sowing+re-greening period),SP8(after sowing+booting period),SP9(after sowing+re-greening period+booting period),SP10(re-greening period),SP11(booting period),with nosuppression during whole growth period as CK.The soil moisture content and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of wheat were measured,and the dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics of wheat under different treatments were systematically analyzed,as well as the effects on population dynamics,yield and yield components of wheat.The results showed that the number of spike and yield of wheat under SP8 treatment were the highest,reaching 686.6×10^(4)·hm^(-2)and 10818 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,which were significantly different from those under other treatments;Suppression treatment significantly affected the population dynamics of wheat.Under SP8 treatment,the population at jointing stage,flowering stage and maturity stage were the largest,and the differences were significant from that under other treatments.Under the treatment of SP8,the biomass of the whole growth period was the highest,reaching 16085 kg·hm^(-2),and the harvest index was 52.7%;the dry matter translocated before anthesis reached 4156 kg·hm^(-2),and the contribution rate was 49.0%,which was also significantly higher than that under other treatments.Based on the above results,different suppression periods had significant effects on wheat yield and dry matter accumulation and transfer under the wide sowing mode,and the best suppression method was SP8 treatment,that is the suppression after sowing and at booting stage.