对里耶秦简中捕猿进献的探讨

A Discussion on Catching Apes for Offering in Liye Bamboo Slips of Qin Dynasty

向朝廷进献地方特产,在古代中国是地方顺服的象征。秦代迁陵县进献的物产种类很多,猿就是进献的地方特产之一,捕猿进献是迁陵每年都进行的常规活动。在秦王朝起初控制的范围内,迁陵所在的洞庭郡是猿分布最为密集,猿名气最大的地区之一,这应是迁陵每年捕猿进献的原因。由于猿较少下地活动且行动相当敏捷,当时捕猿并不轻松,迁陵捕猿需由官吏带队围捕,每次动用的人力亦比较多。但从迁陵捕猿的情形判断,进献物品的置办主要是使用官有劳动力,负担本身也不是特别重。进献在当时应该是地方政府负责,而非普通百姓的法定义务,其费用由地方财政支出。

Offering local products to the court was a symbol of local obedience in ancient China.Qianling offered many kinds of goods in Qin Dynasty.Among them,Catching apes for offering was a routine activity carried out every year in Qianling.Within the scope of the initial control of the Qin Dynasty,the Dongting prefection where Qianling was located was one of the areas with the densest apes distribution and the most famous apes.This is probably the reason why Qianling county captures apes every year.Because the apes were less active in the ground and their actions were quite agile,it was not easy to catch apes at that time.Catching apes was led by officials and mobilize a lot of manpower each time in Qianling.But judging from the situation of ape catching,the purchase of these tributes was mainly using state-owned labor,and the burden itself was not particularly heavy.The contribution should be a legal obligation of the local government,not ordinary people.The cost is paid by the local government.