南京国民政府时期青岛粮价波动与政府应对(1929—1937)

Food Price Fluctuation and Government's Responses during the Period of Nanjing National Government

南京国民政府统治时期,青岛是华北地区重要的粮食集散、消费市场,凭借成熟的粮食流通网络与国内外粮食市场紧密相连。20世纪30年代,由于青岛区域粮食产需缺口增大、世界经济危机及帝国主义粮食倾销,青岛出现粮价波动现象。为应对粮价波动现象,青岛市政府在乡村建设过程中,通过青岛农林事务所推动农业改良增产,通过青岛农工银行促进农村金融流通,推动了青岛农村现代化进程,走出了一条“青岛模式”,但并未有效弥补青岛产需缺口。青岛市政府在监管调节粮食市场的过程中,通过胶海关、青岛市港务局等促进国内粮食运输与流通,减少帝国主义经济干预,通过青岛市商会、青岛市商品检验局等挽救粮食对外贸易的不利局势,在平抑粮价方面取得一定效果,但粮食对外贸易未见实质性起色。

During the reign of the Nanjing National Government,Qingdao was an important grain distribution and consumption market in North China,and it was closely connected with domestic and foreign grain markets by virtue of a mature grain distribution network.In the 1930s,due to the increasing gap in food production and demand in Qingdao,the world economic crisis and imperialist food dumping,Qingdao experienced food price fluctuations.In response to the fluctuation of food prices,the Qingdao Municipal Government promoted agricultural improvement and increased production through the Qingdao Agriculture and Forestry Office during the rural construction process,and promoted rural financial circulation through the Qingdao Agricultural and Industrial Bank,which promoted the modernization process of Qingdao’s rural areas and stepped out of a"Qingdao Model".But it did not effectively make up for the gap in Qingdao's production and demand.In the process of supervising and regulating the grain market,the Qingdao Municipal Government promotes domestic grain transportation and circulation through Kiaochow Customs and Qingdao Port Authority,reduces imperialist economic intervention,and saves foreign trade in grain through Qingdao Chamber of Commerce and Qingdao Commodity Inspection Bureau.The unfavorable situation has achieved certain results in stabilizing food prices,but there has been no substantial improvement in foreign food trade.