传统乡村演剧的生成机制与新政权应对(1946—1953)——以浙东地区为中心

The Generation Mechanism of Traditional Rural Drama Performance and the New Regime's Response:Taking Eastern Zhejiang as the Center

传统乡村演剧之所以绵延不绝,具有持久的韧性,主要是因为它在乡村社会拥有稳固的生成机制。虽然演剧与乡村社会之间的被需要和需要关系,是这种生成机制的一个重要层面,但其更值得注意的一个层面却是,围绕乡村演剧形成的关联网以及乡村“精英”在这一网络中的权力竞逐。某种程度上,正是乡村“精英”在演剧“文化网络”中的权力竞逐推动了传统乡村演剧的持续生成。传统乡村演剧给新旧政权都带来了挑战。国民党旧政权在应对这一挑战方面总体是失败的,因为传统乡村演剧得以生成的机制没有受到根本性的触动。中国共产党领导的新政权,通过发展农村剧团并在其形成的关联网中不断添加规范和政治元素,更新了乡村演剧的生成机制,从而一定程度上达到了使乡村演剧与新社会相适应的目的。

The reason why the traditional rural drama performance was continuous and had lasting toughness was mainly that it had a stable generating mechanism in the rural society.Although the being needed and needing relationship between drama and rural society was an important aspect of this generation mechanism,the more important aspect was the network formed around rural drama and the power competition of rural"elites"in this network.To some extent,it was the power competition of rural"elites"in the drama"cultural network"that promoted the continuous generation of traditional rural drama performance.The traditional rural drama had brought challenges to the new and old regimes.The old regime led by the Chinese Kuomintang generally failed to meet this challenge,because the mechanisms through which traditional village plays were produced were not fundamentally touched.The new regime led by the Communist Party of China updated the generating mechanism of rural drama by developing rural drama troupes and adding norms and political elements into the network formed around the rural drama troupes,and partly achieved the purpose of adapting rural drama to the new society.