环境适应与技术选择:明清以来长三角地区特色农业发展研究

Environmental Adaptation and Technology Selection:Research on the Development of Characteristic Agriculture in the Yangtze River Delta Region since Ming and Qing Dynasties

长三角地区是我国当下特色农业发展成就最为显著的区域,其典型生产方式与运行模式大致于明清时期臻至成熟。本研究尝试从特色农业发展切入,基于“环境—农业”视角,以厘清明清以来长三角地区生态环境变迁过程中特色农业的演进脉络与逻辑机理。研究发现:明清时期长三角地区基本形成“三区一带”的特色农业区划与多种特色农业类型,包括江淮地区的湖荡垛田型农业、江南地区的塘浦圩田型农业、河口海岸带的沙洲滩涂型农业、皖浙南地区的山林复合型农业等,这些特色农业类型构成了当代农业文化遗产的物质基础与独特性来源。在长三角区域一体化战略快速推进的时代背景下,该地区的农业发展要强化对“三区一带”与区域生态环境变迁的关注,深入挖掘特色农业精髓,致力打造特色农业样板区与农业文化遗产带,助推乡村全面振兴,并为全国提供乡村振兴的“长三角方案”。

The Yangtze River Delta is the region with the most remarkable achievements in the development of characteristic agriculture in China.Its typical agricultural production mode and operation mode are roughly mature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This study attempts to start from the development of characteristic agriculture and from the perspective of"environment agriculture",in order to clarify the evolution context and logical mechanism of characteristic agriculture in the process of ecological environment change in the Yangtze River Delta since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is found that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Yangtze River delta basically formed the characteristic agricultural zoning of"three ar‐eas and one belt"and a variety of characteristic agricultural types,including lake and crenel field agriculture in Jianghuai area,Tangpu polder field agriculture in Jiangnan area,sandbar and beach agriculture in estuarine and coastal zone,mountain forest compound agriculture in southern Anhui and Zhejiang,etc.These characteristic agricultural types constitute the material basis and unique source of contemporary agricultural cultural heritage.Under the background of the rapid promotion of the regional integration strategy in the Yangtze River Delta,the agricultural development in the Yangtze River Delta should pay more attention to the"three areas and one belt"and the change of regional ecological environment,deeply excavate the essence of characteristic agriculture,strive to build a characteristic agricultural model area and Agricultural Heritage Systems belt,help the smooth implementation of Comprehensive Rural Revitalization and provide a"Yangtze River Delta Model".