荷兰阿姆斯特丹洪涝风险管控策略及启示

Flood Risk Control in Amsterdam and Implications for Cities in China

洪涝灾害是世界各国大中城市面临的主要自然灾害之一,洪涝风险管控是我国各级国土空间规划的重要内容。荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹地处低洼之地,长期面临严重的洪涝灾害风险。首先回顾阿姆斯特丹城市形成与建设历史,在此基础上分析阿姆斯特丹面临的洪涝风险来源,以及未来受气候变化及社会发展影响的洪涝风险的变化趋势,梳理其为应对各项风险所采取的策略和建造的工程体系。通过总结阿姆斯特丹应对洪涝灾害风险的策略和经验,提出对我国城市洪涝灾害防控及制定相关规划的启示,包括注重系统性和优化总体布局、综合利用灰色和绿色基础设施、考虑和评估未来风险变化趋势、鼓励公众参与等。

Floods are one of the main natural disasters faced by cities around the world.Flood risk control has been an important part of territory spatial planning in China.Amsterdam is situated in a low-lying,flood-prone area.This paper first reviews the history of spatial development of Amsterdam,based on which it analyses the sources of flood risks that Amsterdam faces and introduces the strategies that have been taken to cope with these risks.The trend of Amsterdam's future flood risks with the impact of climate change and urban development and the potential responding strategies are also discussed.This paper ends by summarizing the system of flood control in Amsterdam and drawing implications for major cities in China in flood control.