我国重要蜱传疾病及传播媒介研究概述

Overview of serious tick-borne diseases and vector ticks in China

蜱是一种全球广泛分布的吸血性节肢动物,也是仅次于蚊的第二大病媒生物,可以携带和传播细菌、病毒、立克次体、螺旋体和寄生虫等上百种病原体。蜱虫在病毒传播中的作用已知有百余年,其中认知最多的是羊跳跃病病毒(louping ill virus),一种能导致绵羊患脑炎的病毒,一旦宿主羊感染,会沿着一定的方向不稳定地旋转身体%并最终导致死亡,所幸运的是,这种疾病并不会从绵羊体内传递给人,也不会在羊群内部传播。蜱媒传染病严重威胁畜牧业的发展。近年来,随着我国生态环境的改善,人们与自然环境接触日益频繁,被蜱虫叮咬和患病的报道屡见不鲜,已经对人群健康也构成了巨大的威胁,但公众对蜱传疾病及其媒介却知之甚少。本文对发生在我国的蜱传疾病、传播蜱种、动物宿主、疫区分布等信息进行了综述,以期为我国蜱媒传染病的防控工作提供有益参考。

Ticks are globally distributed arthropods, the second only to mosquitoes as vectors of infectious diseases, and can carry hundreds of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, spirochetes and parasites.The role of ticks in viral transmission has been known for more than 100 years.The most well-known of the viruses transmitted by ticks is the louping ill virus, a virus of encephalitis in sheep.Once the sheep are infected, they would rotate erratically in a certain direction and eventually die.Fortunately, the disease cannot be transmitted from sheep to humans, nor does it spread within sheep group.Tick-borne diseases pose a serious threat to the development of animal husbandry.In recent years, with the improvement of China’s ecological environment, people have increasingly frequent contact with the natural environment.Reports of being bitten and infected by ticks are common, and tick-borne diseases have become a great threat to the health of public.However, the public knows little about tick borne diseases and the vector tick.This paper summarizes the information of tick borne diseases, tick species, animal hosts and epidemic area in China, in order to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of tick borne diseases in China.