技术正义何以可能:一个基于马克思劳动思想的理论视角

How is Technological Justice Possible:A Theoretical Perspective Based on Marx’s Labor Thought

马克思对技术正义的考察始终是内居于他的劳动思想之中的。马克思认为,人的劳动之于技术具有逻辑先在性,技术本质上是人的劳动的表现和产物。在资本主义生产条件下劳动群众为技术所奴役和驱赶,导致了技术非正义的极端化现象。马克思在考察资本主义劳动过程中的技术非正义的同时,也深刻揭示了其背后所蕴含的劳动能力与劳动所得的深层对抗矛盾。马克思指认,资本主义生产方式和雇佣劳动制度导致了技术与劳动的严重对立,技术与资本合流加速了对劳动力剩余价值的剥削,最终对劳动群众的生存和发展带来严重威胁。因此,他认为必须以革命的方式推翻资产阶级统治,并在生产资料公有制的基础上,实现联合劳动和由劳动群众共同占有分配劳动产品,才能构序技术正义和人的自由全面发展的美好未来。

Marx’s labor thought is the theoretical basis of his investigation of technological justice.Marx believed that human labor is logically prior to technology,and technology is essentially the performance and product of human labor.Under the capitalist production conditions,the laboring masses are enslaved and driven by technology,which leads to the extreme phenomenon of technological injustice.When Marx inspected the technological injustice in the process of capitalist labor,he profoundly revealed the serious conflict between labor ability and labor income behind it.Marx pointed out that the capitalist mode of production and the employment labor system lead to the serious opposition between technology and labor,and the collusion between technology and capital accelerates the exploitation of the surplus value of labor force,which eventually will pose a serious threat to the survival and development of the laboring people.Therefore,Marx believed that revolution must be carried out to overthrow the rule of the bourgeoisie,advocating the realization of joint labor and the common possession and distribution of labor products by laboring masse on the basis of the public ownership of the means of production,only in this way can we embrace a bright future of technological justice and human free and all-round development.