寒地水稻种质资源遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Rice Germplasm Resources in Cold Region

水稻是重要的粮食作物之一,寒地稻作区是中国重要的粮食基地。种质资源的遗传多样性是寒地水稻育种亲本选育的前提和基础。本研究利用分布于水稻12条染色体上的50对SSR引物对192份寒地水稻种质资源进行遗传多样性检测。结果显示:共检测到217个等位位点,等位位点数目平均值为4.34,供试的SSR标记中被检测到的等位位点数目变幅在2~10个之间;各位点检测到的主要等位基因频率平均值为0.568 7,变幅在0.229 1~0.986 8之间;位点间基因多样性平均值为0.532 1,变幅为0.026 1~0.849 0;观测杂合率平均值为0.009 9,变幅为0~0.396 7,其中41个位点为纯合;多态信息含量平均值为0.482 9,变幅为0.025 8~0.831 0,供试寒地水稻种质遗传多样性较低。基于Nei’s遗传距离将192份寒地水稻种质资源进行聚类分析,将供试种质分为20个类群。本研究分析了寒地水稻种质资源的遗传多样性,为寒地水稻遗传育种的亲本选择提供了参考依据。

Rice is one of the important crops, and the rice growing area in the cold region is an important food base in China. The genetic diversity of germplasm resources is the premise and foundation of parents selection for rice breeding in cold region. In this study, 50 pairs of SSR primers distributed on all 12 chromosomes of rice were used to detect the genetic diversity of 192 rice germplasm resources in cold regions. The results showed that the217 alleles were detected, and the average number of alleles was 4.34, and the number of alleles per SSR marker varied from 2 to 10. The average frequency of the gene was 0.568 7, which ranged from 0.229 1 to 0.986 8. The mean value of gene diversity between loci was 0.532 1 and the variation range was 0.026 1 to 0.849 0. The mean heterozygosity observed was 0.009 9, with a range of 0 to 0.396 7, 41 loci were homozygous. The average polymorphic information content was 0.482 9, which varied from 0.025 8 to 0.831 0. The genetic diversity of tested rice germplasm resources in cold region was low. The cluster analysis of 192 rice germplasm resources in cold regions was carried out based on the Nei’s genetic distance, and the rice germplasm resources were divided into 20 groups.This study analyzed the genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources in cold region, and provided reference for parents selection of rice breeding in cold region.