急性或长期运动对运动员免疫功能影响的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of the Influence of Acute or Long-term Exercise on the Immune Function of Athletes

目的:运用Meta分析方法综合定量评价急性或长期运动对运动员免疫功能的影响,旨在为运动员急性或长期运动后的疾病预防提供循证建议。方法:检索中国知网、Web of science、PubMed、Cochrane library、Elsevier等数据库,运用Stata15.1软件对所有纳入文献的结局指标进行统计分析。结果:筛选后共纳入研究文献37篇(1110名受试者),研究均进行了训练干预前、后的指标测试。结果:1)急性或长期运动将显著升高运动员的炎症因子水平,CRP(SMD=1.34,95%Cl:0.93,1.75),IL-6(SMD=2.02,95%Cl:1.49,2.55),TNF-α(SMD=0.44,95%Cl:0.08,0.81);2)白细胞亚型:淋巴细胞减少(SMD=-0.24,95%Cl:-0.55,0.06),中性粒细胞显著升高(SMD=2.59,95%Cl:1.94,3.24),单核细胞显著增加(SMD=0.88,95%Cl:0.34,1.43);3)SIgA未显著降低(SMD=-0.40,95%Cl:-1.32,0.53)。结论:1)运动员在进行急性或长期大负荷运动时,在运动过程中及运动后短时间(1~3h)内对免疫系统的抑制最为深刻,所导致的细胞数目变化在24h后逐渐得到恢复。2)急性或长期运动后免疫功能降低,其主要决定因素包括运动项目、运动水平、运动持续时间和强度。

Objective:The meta-analysis method was used to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the effects of acute or long-term exercise on athletes'immune function,in order to provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of covid-19 in athletes after acute or long-term exercise.Method:identified from Web of science、PubMed、Cochrane library、CNKI Database.Stata15.1 software was used for statistical analysis of outcome indicators of all included literatures.Results:After screening,a total of 37 articles(1,110 subjects)were included in the study,and all of them were tested before and after the training intervention.Results:1)acute or long-term exercise significantly increased the level of inflammatory CRP(SMD=1.34,95%Cl:0.93,1.75),IL-6(SMD=2.02,95%Cl:1.49,2.55),TNF-α(SMD=0.44,95%Cl:0.08,0.81);2)Leukocyte subtype:Lymphocytes were significantly reduced(SMD=-0.24,95%Cl:-0.55,0.06),Neutrophils are markedly elevated(SMD=2.59,95%Cl:1.94,3.24),Mononuclear cells increased significantly(SMD=2.59,95%Cl:1.94,3.24);3)SIgA did not decrease(SMD=-0.40,95%Cl:-1.32,0.53)Results:1)When athletes perform acute or chronic high-intensity exercise,the suppression of the immune system is the most profound during the exercise and within a short period of time(1-3h)after the exercise,and the changes in the number of cells caused by the exercise are gradually recovered after 24h.2)The main determinants of reduced immune function after acute or prolonged exercise include exercise program,exercise level,exercise duration and intensity.