恶意占有人费用偿还请求权探析

An Analysis of the Right of Claim of the Malicious Possession

《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称民法典)第460条对善意占有人的必要费用作出了规定,但对恶意占有人的费用求偿问题未作出任何规定,这实际上构成了法律漏洞。为了填补该漏洞,应当在民法典中规定恶意占有人的必要费用可以按照无因管理的效果主张偿还,但前提是其行为满足无因管理构成要件中除管理意思之外的其他要件。对于恶意占有人支出的有益费用与其他费用,应当在民法典中为其增设有限制的取走权,同时应当肯定其在无法行使取走权时可以按照不当得利的一般规定进行主张费用偿还,只是这种情况下回复人可以主张相应的抗辩。

Article 460 of the"Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China"(hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code)stipulates the necessary expenses of bona fide possessors,but does not make any stipulation on the issue of compensation for malicious possessions,which actually constitutes a legal loophole.In order to fill this loophole,it should be stipulated in the Civil Code that the necessary expenses of the malicious possessor can be repaid according to the effect of uncaused management,but the premise is that his behavior meets the other elements of the uncaused management constituent elements except for the intention of management.For the beneficial expenses and other expenses incurred by the malicious possessor,a restricted right of taking should be added to the Civil Code,and at the same time,it should be confirmed that it can repay the claimed expenses in accordance with the general provisions of unjust enrichment when it is unable to exercise the right of taking.Only in this case can the respondent claim the corresponding defense.