中国企业境外经营的人权合规问题研究

Research on Human Rights Compliance Issues in Overseas Operations for China’s Enterprises

随着经济全球化的急剧深入,工商业的发展对人权产生了越来越广泛的影响。中国作为对外投资大国,其企业在境外经营的过程中将会面对越来越日常化、复杂化的人权风险,开展人权合规建设迫在眉睫。当前,涉及企业人权合规的国际规范主要包括相关国际人权公约、自愿性国际规范、联合国正在推进制定的工商业与人权条约等,国际实践主要体现为相关国际规范在国内法和跨国诉讼中的实施等。这些规范与实践构成了目前中国企业境外经营人权合规所处的国际环境。中国企业应当意识到境外经营中已经出现的各种人权风险,这些风险根植于当前政策较不完善、企业自身缺乏认知、行业协会商会还未发挥足够作用等问题中。在此基础上,中国企业应当通过树立责任意识、提高风险意识、深入研究学习、加强行业自律、健全内部管理机制五项措施,积极开展境外经营人权合规建设。只有尽快加深对工商业与人权议题的认识,中国企业才更有能力参与全球竞争,实现可持续发展。

With the rapid deepening of economic globalization,the development of business has had an increasingly widespread impact on human rights.Since China has become a major foreign investment country,Chinese enterprises will face increasingly routine and complicated human rights risks in the process of operating abroad,and it is urgent to carry out the construction of human rights compliance.At present,the international norms related to corporate human rights compliance mainly include relevant international human rights conventions,voluntary international norms,and the business and human rights treaty being developed by the United Nations.International practice is mainly reflected in the implementation of relevant international norms in domestic laws and transnational litigations.These norms and practices constitute the current international environment of human rights compliance in which Chinese enterprises operate overseas.Chinese enterprises should be aware of the various human rights risks that have emerged in overseas operations.These risks are rooted in problems such as relatively imperfect policies,corporates’lack of awareness of risks,and insufficient role of industry associations and chambers of commerce.On this basis,Chinese enterprises should actively develop human rights compliance in overseas operations through five measures:establishing responsibility awareness,raising risk awareness,in-depth researching and learning,strengthening industry self-discipline,and improving internal management mechanisms.Only by deepening their understanding of business and human rights issues as soon as possible can China’s enterprises be more capable of participating in global competition and achieving sustainable development.