中国平等就业权纠纷案件法律问题研析

Research and Analysis on Legal Issues of Equal Employment Rights Dispute Cases in China

2018年12月,最高人民法院发布了《最高人民法院关于增加民事案件案由的通知》,增加了“平等就业权纠纷”案由。该通知已自2019年1月1日起施行。通过对2019—2020年间适用“平等就业权纠纷”案由的案件审理情况进行考察,揭示了法院对“平等就业权纠纷”这一新案由的认识和适用情况,探寻了“平等就业权纠纷”案由对就业歧视司法救济的积极意义以及其中折射出的就业歧视立法和司法中存在的问题。经由案件分析可知,“平等就业权纠纷”案由的增加虽然一定程度上解决了就业歧视案件“借名诉讼”的问题,但是法院对就业歧视的认定仍不清晰,新案由的增加无法从根本上解决就业歧视的司法救济不足问题,相关立法和司法的进一步完善仍是当务之急。

In December 2018,the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China issued the“Notice by the Supreme People’s Court on Increasing the Causes of Action of Civil Cases”,adding the cause of“equal employment rights disputes”.The Notice came into force on January 1,2019.Through the investigation of the trial details of cases which used the“equal employment rights disputes”as their causes of action during the period from 2019 to 2020,it explores the courts’understanding and application of the new cause of“equal employment rights disputes”,and reveals the positive significance of the new cause on judicial relief for employment discrimination,as well as the problems in the legislation and judicial practice of employment discrimination.From the analysis of cases,it can be seen that although the increase of“equal employment rights disputes”as a new cause of action has solved the problem of“litigation by name”in employment discrimination cases to a certain extent,the courts’determination on employment discrimination is still unclear,and the increase of the new cause cannot fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient judicial remedies for employment discrimination.The further improvement of relevant legislation and judicial practice is still an urgent matter.