俄罗斯北部林区的野火对策管理

Wildfire Management in the Forest Region of Northern Russia

在欧亚大陆北部地区发生的林火不仅是一种地理现象,而且还是一种历史现象,它对于环境的影响不仅是地方的、地区的,而且还是世界的。俄罗斯地区森林类型的多样性、生长条件、地貌特性、森林结构和生产力以及人类起源等因素决定了不同的火灾类型、火灾的分布、强度。近年来越来越逼近北极圈的俄罗斯森林火灾加剧了冻土层的融化和碳排放的增加,对生态环境产生了严重影响。本文对俄罗斯北部林区的野火状况及火灾的管理能力进行了梳理与归纳,提出了应对气候变化和人类活动影响下林火频发的策略,建议应加强区域火灾联防效率和国际合作扑救野火,加强航空护林事业的现代化管理,将对我国的林火管理工作起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。

Forest fires in northern Eurasia are not only a geographical but also a historical phenomenon,and their impact on the environment is not just local and regional,but worldwide.The diversity of forest types,growth conditions,geomorphological characteristics,forest structure and productivity,and human origin in the Russian determine the fire types,fire distribution and intensity.In recent years,forest fires in Russia approaching the Arctic Circle have aggravated the melting of permafrost and increased carbon emissions,which have had a serious impact on the ecological environment.In this paper,the situation of wildfires and the management ability of wildfires in the northern forests of Russia are summarized,and the strategies to deal with the frequent occurrence of wildfires under the influence of climate change and human activities are put forward.It is suggested that the efficiency of regional fire prevention and international cooperation should be strengthened,and the modern management of aviation forest protection should be strengthened.This paper will play a reference and guidance role to the forest fire management in China.