从认知地图到认知图谱:相似概念的跨学科审视

From Cognitive Map to Cognitive Graph:An Interdisciplinary Concept Discrimination

随着人工智能教育应用的不断深入,作为计算机知识表征方式的知识图谱和作为机器推理基础的认知图谱受到越来越多的关注。然而,人们常将概念图、思维导图、知识地图、思维地图、认知地图与知识图谱和认知图谱等概念相混淆。从概念溯源来看,认知地图起源于环境心理学,快速发展于教育心理学,并在人工智能研究的大力推动下迅速演化为计算机科学的认知图谱。当概念图、思维导图、知识地图、思维地图等支持问题解决和推理时,即为认知地图在教育心理学语境中的细分概念。计算机科学语境中的概念图谱、知识图谱和认知图谱是教育心理学语境中概念图、知识地图和认知地图的计算机表示,概念图谱中概念的关系被限定后成为知识图谱,知识图谱增加认知推理和逻辑生成后成为认知图谱。不同学科间的研究可以互相借鉴。“图谱”类研究可以借鉴教育心理学在“地图”类研究方面的做法,如聚焦问题解决、构图过程以及对认知负荷的影响等;“地图”类研究也可以利用计算机科学关于“图谱”类研究的成果以增强其信息化和智能化水平。

With the deepening application of artificial intelligence in education,knowledge graph,as a way of knowledge representation in computers,and cognitive graph,as the basis of machine reasoning,have received more and more attention.However,people often confuse concept maps,mind maps,knowledge maps,cognitive maps,and thinking maps with knowledge graphs and cognitive graphs.The concept of cognitive map originated in environmental psychology,rapidly developed in educational psychology,and evolved into cognitive graph in computer science driven by research in artificial intelligence.When problem solving and reasoning are enabled in concept maps,mind maps,knowledge maps and thinking maps,these maps can be seen as the subdivisions of cognitive maps in the educational psychology context.Concept graphs,knowledge graphs and cognitive graphs in the computer science context are the computational representations of concept maps,mind maps and knowledge maps in the educational psychology context.When the relationships between concepts in conceptual graphs are limited to a set of phrases,these conceptual graphs can be seen as knowledge maps.When cognitive reasoning and logic generation are enabled in knowledge graphs,these knowledge maps can be seen as cognitive graphs.Research in different disciplines can learn from each other.Research on“graphs”can draw lessons from the research results of“maps”in the field of educational psychology,such as problem solving,mapping process and the impact of cognitive loads and so on.Research on“graphs”in the field of computer science can also empower the research on“maps”to enhance their informatization and intelligence level.