具身认知视域下VR技术赋能实验教学的效果探究

Research on the Effect of VR Technology Enabling Experimental Teaching from the Perspective of Embodied Cognition

在积极推进“新工科”建设的背景下,借助新兴技术促进学生的工程实践和问题解决能力,成为工程教育变革的重要趋势。针对这一知识与技能并重的复合能力,传统实验教学在培养操作技能、启发深度认知上表现欠佳。虚拟现实(VR)技术通过多通道信息融合构建交互式三维立体动态场景及行为动作仿真,为实验教学提供了强交互性、想象性和沉浸性的学习环境,有益于促成身体感知、行为控制和意义构建的整合性学习。为了探究VR技术对实验教学的作用机制,从具身认知理论出发,对沉浸式VR环境与2D桌面仿真软件环境下的学习体验和学习成效进行了差异分析,结果发现:两种实验环境下的陈述性知识学习效果并无显著差异;和2D仿真软件相比,VR实验环境促进了行为技能的迁移与实际情境下的问题解决,显著提升了学习者的自我效能感和临场感体验,但也带来了诸如更高的认知负荷和生理不适等负面影响。因此,未来实验教学中应用VR技术应持谨慎态度,既要利用VR赋能教学的技术优势,同时也要正确认识沉浸式学习带来的认知负荷与深度学习间的复杂关系。

In the context of actively promoting the construction of“New Engineering”,using advanced technology to boost students’engineering practice and problem-solving abilities has become an important trend of engineering education transformation.In recent years,the experimental teaching application based on the desktop virtual learning platform has achieved certain results.However,because the low immersive learning environment does not support the full construction of motion representation,this model does not perform well in cultivating operational skills and inspiring deep cognition.Virtual Reality(VR)technology builds interactive three-dimensional dynamic scenes and entity behavior simulations through multi-source information fusion,providing a strong interactive,imaginative,and immersive learning environment for experimental teaching,which is beneficial to avoiding the limitations of desktop virtual experimental platforms.Therefore,this research compares the immersive VR environment with 2D desktop simulation software,focusing on the differences of learning experience and teaching effect in different virtual environments.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the effect of knowledge learning between the two experimental environments;compared with 2D simulation software,the VR experimental environment promoted the transfer of behavioral skills and problem-solving ability in actual situations,and significantly improved the learner’s self-efficacy and presence experience.However,the VR environment also brought some negative effects.The research confirmed the application advantages and development potential of VR technology in virtual experimental teaching.The study also explored the relationship between the cognitive load brought by immersive learning and deep learning,so as to provide some implications for the application of VR technology in experimental teaching.