铁路新一代移动通信的挑战与思考

Challenges and Perspective of New Generation of Railway Mobile Communications

铁路新一代移动通信将面向铁路全场景、全业务、全链接、强安全,不仅有望完全取代既有系统,还能为列车自动驾驶、列车安全视频监控等业务提供高速信息传输服务,是铁路物联网的信息承载平台和高速铁路运行安全保障的基础。感知-通信-计算一体化、数智融合、新型阵列理论、新材料物理电磁特性为铁路新一代移动通信发展提供前沿应用基础理论支撑,"大智移云物"技术群、区块链技术、高精度无线网络规划与优化、建筑信息模型(BIM)与增强现实(AR)融合技术以及数字孪生将为铁路新一代移动通信发展提供技术保障。在当前和未来的落地应用中,铁路新一代移动通信系统需要树立"可管、可控、可信、可视、可靠、可测"的六大设计理念,需要解决频率资源有限和新需求不断涌现之间的矛盾,高速移动性与可靠性问题,以及综合轨道交通枢纽集群与场景独特性带来的挑战,需要厘清在技术体制、公专共存、异构网络协同等方面存在的开放性问题。

The new generation of railway mobile communications will be oriented to all railway scenarios,all services,all links,and strong security.It is expected to completely replace the existing system,and can provide high-data rate mobile channels enabling automatic train driving,train safety video monitoring,etc.Moreover,the new generation of railway mobile communications will be the information platform of the railway Internet of Things and the basis for the safety of high-speed railway operations.The integrated sensing,communication and computing,the digital intelligence fusion,the new array theory,and physical electromagnetic properties of new materials provide frontier applied basic theoretical support for the development of new generation of railway mobile communications;the technical group of"big data,artificial intelligence,mobile communication,and cloud computing",the blockchain technology,the high-precision wireless network planning and optimization,as well as the fusion of building information model(BIM)and augmented reality(AR)will provide technical support for the development of the new generation of railway mobile communications.In the current and future implementation of the new generation of railway mobile communication systems,it is necessary to establish six design concepts of"manageability,controllability,credibility,visibility,reliability,and measurability",and to address the challenges resulting from the contradiction between limited frequency resources and the continuous emergence of new demands,the high-speed mobility and reliability,as well as the comprehensive rail transit hub clusters and the uniqueness of scenarios.Last but not least,it is of importance to explore the open questions such as selection of technical systems,co-existence of public and dedicated networks,and heterogeneous network collaboration.