阿特伍德小说中的基因编辑技术伦理——以《羚羊与秧鸡》《洪水之年》和《疯癫亚当》为例

Ethics of Gene Editing Technology in Atwood’s Novels——Taking Oryx and Crake,Year of the Flood and MaddAddam as Examples

阿特伍德在其生态三部曲《羚羊与秧鸡》《洪水之年》和《疯癫亚当》中,揭露了基因编辑技术所有方在资本增值逻辑控制下可能会违背伦理规则,逃避伦理监督,从而带来伦理和社会风险。从基因编辑利用后果来看,主要风险包括基因编辑技术被用于犯罪和反社会的破坏性活动。从基因编辑技术操作过程来看,基因编辑技术可能损害生物肉体完整性、精神完整性和物种完整性。从基因编辑实施者角度看,可能的风险包括拥有基因编辑技术的机构可能为了资本获利而逃避舆论和法律监督,不遵守基本的透明原则而损害大众的利益。

In Atwood’s ecological trilogy"Oryx and Crake","Year of the Flood"and"MaddAddam",she reveals that genetic editing technology may violate ethical rules and avoid ethical supervision under the control of capital appreciation logic,thus bringing ethical and social risks.From the perspective of the consequences of gene editing,the main risks include gene editing technology being used in crime and destructive anti-society activities.From the perspective of the operation process of gene editing technology,gene editing technology may damage the physical,spiritual and species integrity of organisms.From the point of view of the implementers of genetic editing,the possible risks include that,under the control of the logic of capital appreciation,institutions with gene editing technology may evade public opinion and legal supervision for the purpose of capital gains,and do not abide by the basic principle of transparency and harm the interests of the public.