五代时期冯道的视君犹佣观

On Feng Dao’s Thought of Loyalty to Monarch in the Period of the Five Dynasties

五代时期是我国历史上朝代更替频繁,士人价值观出现变化的一个时期。在这个时期,士人多朝为官、历仕多君的现象比比皆是,蔚然成风,这显然与传统儒家所倡导的忠君观相冲突。五代士人的忠君观受到当时政权兴替、社会舆论、士风沦落以及个人观念等多种因素的影响。同时士人的忠君观在这个时期的不同阶段其表现形式又各有不同,士人忠君观的表现形式不断出现变化,其中又以五代时期的冯道最为典型。因此以冯道为例,通过对冯道其人、视君犹佣观的表现,并结合时代背景、个人因素等多种因素对其表现形式进行理性分析,进而探讨冯道的视君犹佣观,并延及其对五代及后世的影响。

In the Five Dynasties period,the dynatic changes was frequent and the values of scholars changed.In that period,a lot of scholars served more than one rulers and political powers,which was common and popular conflicting with the loyalty to the particular king advocated by Confucianism scholars’loyalty to monarch in the Five Dynasties was influenced by various factors such as the regime’s succession,social public opinions,the decline of the scholar’s ethics and personal ideas.At the same time,scholars’loyalty to monarch had different manifestations at different stages,and the forms were constantly changing,among which Fengdao was the most typical.Therefore,this paper takes Fengdao as an example.Through his views on loyalty to monarch,together with the time backgroud,individual factors,the author analyzes Feng’s opinions of Loyalty to monarch and its influence on history.