“无稻草,不翻仓,控温控湿”曲房创新对高温大曲微生物组成的影响研究

Effect of Innovative Daqu Storage Room on the Microbial Composition of High-Temperature Daqu

为了探究使用稻草的传统曲房和不用稻草的控温控湿曲房所生产的酱香型高温大曲的微生物组成差异,本文采用Illumina平台对传统曲房大曲、控温控湿曲房大曲及生产用稻草的微生物群落组成进行了研究。结果表明,传统曲房大曲与控温控湿曲房大曲共同拥有着多种优势微生物。两种大曲优势细菌均为Virgibacillus、Kroppenstedtia和Scopulibacillus属的细菌(该三属的细菌在传统曲房和控温控温曲房大曲中分别占88.04%和87.28%),但比例有所差异,Pearson相关系数为0.5725;该两种大曲优势真菌均为Thermoascus、Thermomyces和Rasamsonia属的真菌(该三属的真菌在传统曲房和控温控温曲房大曲中分别占98.56%和98.57%),且比例也较相似,Pearson相关系数为0.9505。另外,生产用稻草微生物组成非常丰富,细菌以Bacillus、Pantoea、Saccharopolyspora、Methylobacterium、Staphylococcus为主,真菌以Aspergillus、Mycosphaerella、Saitozyma、Wallemia、Papiliotrema为主。通过两种大曲及稻草微生物的组成对比发现,稻草在高温大曲发酵过程也具有接种的作用,但并非起决定性的影响,酱香型大曲发酵微生物主要还是来自曲母、原料和制曲条件及环境。

In order to explore the differences in the microbial composition of the high-temperature Jiangxiang Daqu produced in the traditional storage room(using straw)and in the temperature and humidity controlled storage room(without using straw),the Illumina platform was used to study the microbial community structure of the two types of Daqu and the straw used in Daqu production.The results showed that the two types of Daqu shared a variety of dominant microorganisms.The common dominant bacteria were Virgibacillus,Kroppenstedtia and Scopulibacillus(accounting for 88.04%and 87.28%in the two types of Daqu,respectively),and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.5725;the common dominant fungi were Thermoascus,Thermomyces and Rasamsonia(accounting for 98.56%and 98.57%in the two types of Daqu,respectively),and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.9505.In addition,the straw used in Daqu production had a very rich microbial variety.Its dominant bacteria mainly included Bacillus,Pantoea,Saccharopolyspora,Methylobacterium,and Staphylococcus,and its dominant fungi mainly included Aspergillus,Mycosphaerella,Saitozyma,Wallemia,and Papiliotrema.Through the comparison of the microbial composition of the two types of Daqu and the straw,it is found that the straw has an inoculation effect in the production process of the high-temperature Daqu,but the effect is not decisive.The microorganisms in the high-temperature Daqu mainly come from the inoculated old Daqu,the raw materials,and the environment.