问题式学习对学生问题解决能力的影响——基于国内外34项研究的元分析

Effects of Problem-based Learning on Students’Problem-solving Skills:A Meta-Analysis Based on 34 Studies at Home and Abroad

为了探究问题式学习对学习者问题解决能力的作用效果,本研究采用元分析方法对国内外2000年1月至2020年12月有关问题式学习影响学生问题解决能力的实验和准实验研究文献进行量化分析,结果发现:1)问题式学习对学生问题解决能力具有中等偏上的正向积极影响;2)相比于小学生和大学生,中学生问题解决能力的提升效果更显著;3)从教学周期看,问题式学习的实验周期控制在2-4月内学生能力提升效果最显著;4)问题式学习对不同学科有正向促进作用,但对逻辑推理性较强和重技能培训的学科效果更明显;5)在不同教学场域使用问题式学习对学生问题解决能力都起正向作用,且在普通教室使用效果最佳;6)不同评价测量均表明,问题式学习对学生问题解决能力有提升作用,其中问卷法反映出的积极影响最显著。基于研究结果,本研究提出了问题式学习对学生问题解决能力的思考和实践建议。

In order to further explore the effect of problem-based learning on learners'problem-solving ability,this study uses the meta-analysis method to analyze the experimental and quasi-experimental literature on the influence of problem-based learning on students'problem-solving ability from January 2000 to December 2020.The results show that:1)Problem-based learning has a positive effect on students'problem-solving ability;2)Compared with primary school students and college students,the improvement effect of middle school students'problem-solving ability is more significant;3)From the perspective of teaching cycle,the experimental cycle of problem-based learning is controlled in 2-4 months,and the effect of students'improvement is the most significant;4)Problem-based learning has positive effect on different subjects,but it has an obvious effect on the subjects with strong logical reasoning and emphasis on skill training;5)Using problem-based learning in different teaching fields has a positive effect on students'problem-solving ability,and the effect is the best in ordinary classroom;6)Different evaluation tools show that problem-based learning can improve students'problem-solving ability,and the questionnaire method has the most significant positive effect.Based on the results,this paper puts forward innovative thinking and practical suggestions on cultivating students'problem-solving ability by problem-based learning.