汉语方言用于动词前的与格标记

Dative Markers Used Before Verbs in Chinese Dialects

介宾状语式给予类双及物结构不只见于北方方言,不少南方方言同样存在这种格式,其与格标记由受益者标记演变而来。北方方言的受益者标记多源于“给”义动词,南方方言则多源于伴随介词。由于受益者标记的来源有类型上的差异,与格标记也相应地呈现出类型上的差异。介宾状语式的双及物结构是汉语自身产生出来的,其在西北方言的高频使用是受SOV型非汉语的影响所致。

The ditransitive construction“preposition+object”indicating“to give”used as an adverbial is not only found in northern dialects but also in many southern dialects and its dative marker is evolved from the benefactive marker.The benefactive markers in northern dialects are mostly derived from the verb“to give”,while those in southern dialects mostly from the comitative preposition.Because the sources of benefactive markers vary in type,the sources of the dative markers also vary in type accordingly.The ditransitive construction“preposition+object”used as an adverbial is generated by Chinese itself,but its high use frequency in northwest dialects is caused by the influence of SOV non-Chinese languages.