构式“给+VP”的语法功能

The Grammatical Function of the “Gei+VP” Construction

本文通过对当代口语例证的大量调查,探讨新兴的谓语动词标记“给”的语法功能。目前对这个问题的探讨,观点分歧很大,但大都没有抓住问题的实质。我们的分析表明,“给VP”的核心功能是标记动作行为矢量方向的改变,要求谓语动词所关涉的受事名词必须出现在谓语动词之前,所涉及的句型包括被动句、处置式、受事主语、话题结构等,但是这个谓语标记“给”不是任何特定句型的语法标记,而是这些句型的共同语法标记。从历时的角度看,这种语法标记的产生与汉语受事名词大量前置的发展趋势有关。

This paper aims to identify the grammatical function of the newly-emerging construction“gei+VP”on a large-scale investigation of the contemporary spoken Chinese.In our view,the previous analyses about this issue are unsuccessful in capturing the essence of this construction.We demonstrate that the core function of the morpheme“gei”is to mark the change in the vector of the verb in predicate,requiring that the patient noun must be preposed to the predicate.The preposing of patient nouns involves topicalization,the disposal construction,the passive construction,and the patient-subject construction.The emergence of this“gei”construction is a reflection of the current development of Chinese grammar that patient nouns tend to occur at the preverbal position.