现代汉语外来词研究之研究

On Studies of Loanwords in Modern Chinese

论文主要通过梳理和讨论前人对汉语外来词的术语使用、创制范式、规范问题、词源考证及其对汉语的影响等方面的研究。已有研究显示“汉语外来词”这一术语在实际使用中已经占据绝对优势,学者应尊重语言使用事实,以避免术语混乱;汉语语言和书写系统本身的特点和封闭性使其具有先天的意译倾向,对已经创制的音译词也具有强大的改造功能;对于当代汉语外来词的规范问题,应灵活掌握前人提出的原则并有创造性补充;外来词的词源考证有助于了解中外语言接触和文化交流的历史,也可为现在和将来的国际交往及外来词创制提供有益的借鉴;外来词的引进不仅扩大了汉语词汇的数量,丰富了汉语的表达方式,也对汉语的语义、构词和语音产生了潜移默化的影响。

Based on a critical review of the previous studies on the terminology,borrowing paradigm,etymology,normalization of loan words and their influence on modern Chinese,the present paper proposes:a)the use frequency of“hanyu wailaici”has an overwhelming advantage over other terms,so that scholars should respect the established fact in order to avoid confusion;b)due to the inherent characteristics and closeness of the language and its writing system,Chinese has a natural preference for semantic loans and thus a strong inclination to adapt transliterated words into semantic loans;c)in terms of normalization,we should act according to circumstances,innovating new norms to complement the standards proposed by previous scholars;d)etymological studies are valuable because they can inform present and future international exchange and lexical borrowing through deep understanding of the history of language contact and cultural exchange;e)loanwords have not only enlarged Chinese vocabulary and enriched Chinese expressions,but also exerted subtle influence on the semantics,word-formation and phonetics of Chinese language.