集合性谓词分配性语义蕴涵的蕴涵型式及制约条件

On Semantic Constraints and Entailing Patterns of Distributive Sub-entailment of Collective Predicates in Mandarin Chinese

论文考察汉语中“都”与集合性谓词的共现及语义蕴涵情况。首先指出“都”与集合性谓词共现有两种可能的蕴涵型式:个体分配性语义蕴涵和累积指称表达的单数还原。然后考察集合性谓词个体分配性语义蕴涵的制约条件,指出集合性谓词能否具有个体分配性蕴涵义,关键在于谓词的所指是否表达一定的状态,或者所搭配的时体或宾语成分能否帮助减除谓语所表集合事件的达成和完整性而增强其状态性。论文最后基于集合性谓词的两种分配义蕴涵型式,指出在形式语义刻画时,想用一种方式将两种型式都概括进去的处理方法难以两全。

Dowty(1987)proposed‘distributive sub-entailment of collective predicates’to account for the possibilities of occurrence of the word all with collective predicates and provide semantic interpretations of such kinds of sentences.This paper thoroughly explores the occurrences of dōu(都)with collective predicates in Mandarin Chinese and their entailments.The paper firstly points out that sentences involving co-occurrence of dōu and collective predicates have two possible patterns of entailment:distributive sub-entailment relating to atomic individuals and reduction of cumulative expressions to singular events.Then the paper discusses the constraints on distributive sub-entailment relating to atomic individuals,arguing that the key point of collective predicates having distributive subOn Semantic Constraints and Entailing Patterns of Distributive Sub-entailment of Collective Predicates in Mandarin Chineseentailment hinges on whether the predicate has stage-related sememes in its meaning,or whether the tense-aspect elements or the object occurring with it can help lessen or remove the properties of achievement and completion of the event and add the state-related property to the event.The paper finally points out that since there are two patterns of entailment for the collective-predicate sentences with dōu,it is infeasible for the formal semantic depicting of the collective-predicate sentences to cover the two patterns very well when aiming at using one way of depicting to deal with the two patterns.