不同辈抚养人与婴儿进食情况及营养状况的关系研究

Researching on the relationship between different generations of supporters and eating and nutritional status of infants

目的探究不同辈抚养人与婴儿进食情况及营养状况的关系。方法选取500名2019年6-12月期间依次于惠州市第一妇幼保健院儿童保健科进行健康体检的> 6月龄且<12月龄婴儿的家长为调查对象。按照婴儿的主要抚养人分为祖辈养育组及父母养育组。比较两组婴儿的养育方式、体重、身长、头围和膳食情况。结果父母养育组在6个维度中得分均比祖辈养育组低,且两组的养育方式在胃口差、对某种食物特别偏好、不良进食习惯、(祖)父母过度关心、害怕进食和潜在疾病状态等6个维度差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母养育组在体重、身长均比祖辈养育组的高,且两组的体重、身长差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母养育组在婴儿摄入的食物种类,能量、奶类、肉类、蔬菜和水果摄入量均比祖辈养育组的高,而谷物摄入量比祖辈养育组的低,且两组婴儿在摄入的食物种类,以及能量、奶类、谷物、肉类、蔬菜和水果摄入量差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应进一步研究祖辈养育的主要问题和态度,分析原因并给予针对性培训指导,促进儿童生长发育。

Objective To explore the relationship between different generations of supporters and eating and nutritional status of infants.Methods According to the main caregivers of infants, 500 families were divided into grandparents group and parents group,the infants of these families who aged older than 6 months and younger than 12 month attended physical examination in the hospital from June 2019 to December 2019. The rearing patterns, weight, length, head circumference and diet of the two groups of infants were compared.Results The parents group had lower scores in 6 dimensions than the grandparents group. And the parenting methods of the two groups were statistically significant in 6 dimensions including poor appetite, special preference for certain foods, poor eating habits, grandparents or parents over-concern, fear of eating, and potential disease status(P< 0. 05). The weight and length of the parent group were higher than those of the grandparents group, and the different were statistically significant(P< 0. 05). The food types of the infants intake in the parents group, energy, milk, meat, vegetables and fruit intake were higher than those of the grandparents group, however grains’ intakes of the parents group was lower than that of the grandparents group. In addition, the different were statistically significant in the types of food, energy, milk, grains, meat, vegetables and fruits that the infants intake between the two groups(P< 0. 05).Conclusion We should pay attention to the main problems and attitudes of grandparents rearing,then finding the reasons for these problems and training these grandparents individually, which is able to improve the growth and development of children.