汤姆•莎士比亚的具身残疾本体论及其理论效应

Tom Shakespeare's Ontology of Embodied Disability and Its Theoretical Effects

习近平指出,残疾人是人类大家庭的平等成员。医学模式认为残疾是损伤导致的个体悲剧,残疾人需要通过积极的医学诊治和康复来适应社会;社会模式认为残疾是受损伤的个体在环境中所遭受的排斥和阻隔,社会有责任消除残疾人所面临的致残性阻隔,保障残疾人独立生活和社会参与的权利。医学模式和社会模式的残疾本体论在某种程度上都会加剧残疾人和非残疾人的二元区分和对立,莎士比亚在对医学模式和社会模式进行批判的基础上提出了具身残疾本体论,把残疾看作是人性的内在和普遍本质,致力于消除残疾人和非残疾人的本体论区分,对于实现“残疾人是人类大家庭的平等成员”的美好愿景目标具有积极的理论效应。

Xi Jinping pointed out that people with disabilities are equal members of the human family. The medical model holds that disability is an individual tragedy caused by injury, and people with disabilities need to adapt to society through active medical treatment and rehabilitation;while the social model believes that disability is the exclusion and barrier suffered by the injured individuals in the environment, and the society has the responsibility to eliminate the disabling barrier faced by people with disabilities and protect their right to live independently and participate in the society. It is worth noting that the disability ontology of medical model and social model aggravates the binary distinction and opposition between the disabled and non-disabled to some extent. Shakespeare puts forward the ontology of embodied disability on the basis of criticizing the medical model and social model, regards disability as the inherent and universal essence of human nature, and strives to eliminate the ontological distinction between disabled and non-disabled people. Most importantly, this view has a positive theoretical effect on realizing the good vision of "people with disabilities are equal members of the human family".