中国人口政策重点转移:从人口数量控制到养老风险化解研究

Shift of Focus in China’s Population Policy:From Population Control to Old-age Risk Mitigation

当今中国人口政策的重点由控制人口数量转向化解养老风险、促进人口结构优化,是中国几十年人口数量控制目标实现之后人口发展战略的重大转移。它表现为四大重要特征:第一,中国人口政策具有现代性,适应新时代人口新常态;第二,中国化解人口养老风险政策的福利性、公正性;第三,积极应对人口老龄化、化解养老风险政策的多元性;第四,基于中国政府的公信力及实施社会支持政策的差异性,奖励对社会贡献较大的老年人口,激发公众对社会的奉献精神。然而实现积极老龄化政策、化解养老风险,有两个问题需要特别关注:一是基于老年人生理性素质退化的问题,实施适老居建设政策,方便老年人的社会参与,提高其积极性;二是克服老年人口自组织性较差的弱点,实施服务于老年人社会参与的组织建设政策,使老年人活动有组织保障、经济保障。总之,在新时代人口新常态的背景下,中国政府正将人口战略重心由人口数量控制转向养老风险的化解。这既是中国人口政策的与时俱进,又是有效人口政策的延续和发展,充分彰显了中国政府的公信力。

Currently,the focus of China’s population policy has shifted from population control to old-age risk mitigation and population structure optimization,which is a major shift in population development strategy after China’s population control objectives for decades have been achieved.It embodies four important characteristics:First,China’s population policy is modern and should adapt to the new normal of population in the New Era;Second,China’s policy will resolve old-age risks with fairness and a nature of welfare;Third,the old-age risk mitigation policy will be diversified in actively responding to the aging population;Fourth,based on the credibility of the Chinese government and differences in the implementation of social support policies,it will reward the elderly with comparatively greater contributions to society and stimulate people’s dedication to the society.However,there are two issues demanding special attention in order to realize the active aging policy to mitigate old-age risks:First,because of the physiological degradation of the old population,policies for suitable old-age housing should be implemented to facilitate social participation of the elderly and enhance their willingness for social participation;Second,organizational development policies facilitating social participation of the old population should be implemented to overcome the lack of organization in the old population,so that activities of the elderly can be organized and economically guaranteed.In a word,with the new normal of population in the New Era,the Chinese government is shifting the focus of population strategy from population control to old-age risk mitigation.This is not only an advancement of China’s population policy with the time,but also the continuation and development of an effective population policy,which fully demonstrates the credibility of the Chinese government.