论辞赋在唐代的骈散之变

On the Change towards Parallel and Prose Style of Ci-fu in the Tang Dynasty

齐梁初唐,辞赋骈俪化发展臻于极致,字骈句比、多用隔对、五七言入赋、限韵律赋出现,体式发展走到穷途,难以为继。为追求灵动之美,一些优秀的作家间用虚字调节语气,或径用散句,骈赋出现散体萌芽。唐代建国后,文学上反对六朝华靡,与辞赋奇散的需求表里相应,武后朝开始,辞赋散体手法渐见增加。盛唐文学大气蓬勃,李杜辞赋情思壮大、辞采飞扬,往往突破骈俪的拘滞精巧。古文运动先驱刻意复古,追求古奥生涩,骈俪文风被彻底打破。韩柳熔铸古今,文从字顺,骈散兼施,“新文赋”诞生,终于建立起有别于六朝的唐赋新貌。唐赋散体化发展,是对魏晋以来辞赋骈俪化发展的反动,为辞赋体式发展开辟新的路径,延长了辞赋文体的生命力。

The parallelization of Ci-fu reached its peak in Qi and Liang of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the early Tang Dynasty:both words and sentences were antithetical,parallels came in other lines,and five and seven-character lines were adopted in Fu,until limited-rhythm Fu appeared,and such development went to a dead end.In order to pursue the beauty of flexibility,some elite writers used function words to adjust the tone,or used loose sentences directly,and prose style began to be seen in parallelized Fu.After the founding of the Tang Dynasty,the showy style originated from the Six Dynasties was discarded in order to go along with the prose style of Ci-fu.The techniques of prose style Ci-fu gradually increased since the reign of Wu Zetian.The literary atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty was grand.Li Bai and Du Fu’s Ci-fu were full of feelings and thoughts embodied by beautiful words,which often broke the exquisite and framed traditions of parallelism.And pioneers of the Ancient Prose Movement deliberately returned to the ancient prose style,whose pursuit of abstruseness and astringency completely dispelled parallelism.Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan combined the ancient and the current style,who wrote with clear and smooth words,mixing the parallel and the prose style.Thus the“New Literati Fu”came into being,finally establishing the Tang Fu which was different from that of the Six Dynasties.The development of Tang Fu towards the prose style was a reaction to the parallelization of Ci-fu since the Wei and Jin Dynasties,which opened a new path for the development of Ci-fu’s style and added to its vitality.