基于灵敏度分析的客车骨架轻量化设计

The lightweight design of bus frame based on sensitivity analysis

客车车身的轻量化对客车整体性能的影响至关重要。以某款半承载式纯电动客车车身为研究对象,利用Hyper-Works有限元软件对客车车身骨架进行静力学分析和模态分析。在满足设计要求的前提下,以紧急转弯和紧急制动2种典型工况,对客车车身骨架结构进行基于灵敏度分析的尺寸优化。以板材厚度作为设计变量,以客车车身骨架的强度、刚度和模态频率作为约束条件,以车身骨架质量最小作为目标函数建立数学模型。优化结果表明:客车在紧急转弯工况时应力和变形量增加的较大,优化后的客车车身骨架总质量下降了339 kg。

The lightweight of bus body is very important to the whole performance of bus.Taking the body of a semi-bearing pure electric bus as the research object,the HyperWorks finite element software was used to carry out static analysis and modal analysis on the frame of the bus.On the premise of meeting the design requirements,the dimension optimization of bus body frame structure based on sensitivity analysis was carried out under two typical working conditions of emergency turning and emergency braking.The plate thickness was taken as the design variable,the strength,stiffness and modal frequency of the passenger car were taken as the constraint conditions,and the minimum mass of the body frame was taken as the objective function to establish the mathematical model.The optimization results show that the stress and deformation increase greatly in the emergency turning condition of the bus,and the total mass of the optimized bus frame decreases by 339 kg.