基于土地利用/覆被变化的景观生态风险演化分析

Analysis of Landscape Ecological Risk Evolution Based on Land Use/Cover Change

通过建立中山市景观结构与土地利用之间的联系,构建景观生态风险评价体系,能为政府合理利用土地提供参考价值,实现土地资源的有效利用。结果表明:①中山市在城市扩张过程中表现出土地利用粗放的特点,建设用地取代耕地成为优势地类,传统农业占比愈发减少,耕地与水体存在频繁的交换,建设用地的持续扩张使其动态度维持在较高水平;②中山市景观破碎化程度加剧,景观形状复杂化,整体景观用地类型面积差距缩小,景观优势度呈先升后降的变化趋势,景观类型多样性明显,整体景观趋于稳定和均匀化;③中山市整体生态风险值呈下降趋势,表现出明显的空间分异演变特征,建设用地吸纳了耕地、水体等脆弱度较高的用地类型,使西北部、中部大量生态风险单元的生态风险指数降低,整个中山市的生态风险达到较低水平,这与区域经济发展和产业结构的差异有关。

In this paper,we established the link between the landscape structure and land use in Zhongshan City,and constructed a landscape ecological risk assessment system,which could provide reference value for the government to make rational use of land,and realize the effective use of land resources.The results show that①Zhongshan City shows the characteristics of extensive land use in the process of urban expansion.Construction land replaces cultivated land as a dominant land type.The proportion of traditional agriculture is decreasing,and there is frequent exchange of cultivated land and water body.The continuous expansion of construction land keeps its dynamics at a high level.②The degree of landscape fragmentation in Zhongshan City has intensified.The shape of the landscape has become more complex,and the gap in the area of the overall landscape land type has narrowed.The landscape dominance has shown a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The diversity of landscape types is obvious,and the overall landscape tends to be stable and uniform.③The overall ecological risk value of Zhongshan City shows a downward trend,showing obvious characteristics of spatial differentiation.The construction land has absorbed cultivated land,water body and other types of land with high fragility,which has reduced the ecological risk index of a large number of ecological risk units in the northwest and central regions.The ecological risk of Zhongshan City has reached a lower level,which is related to the differences of regional economic development and industrial structure.