黑土典型区土壤侵蚀危险度空间特征分析

Spatial Characteristics Analysis of Soil Erosion Risk in Typical Black Soil Area

土壤侵蚀危险度用以评估和预测土壤侵蚀和土地资源破坏的严重性。以黑龙江省拜泉县张口屯小流域为例,利用2005年的坡面侵蚀数据估算了研究区黑土层的抗蚀年限;利用GIS对侵蚀危险度与地理环境因子进行了空间叠加统计分析,探讨了研究区土壤侵蚀与土地利用、土壤类型、坡度之间的关系。研究表明,破皮黄砂底黑土抗蚀年限最短,厚层粘底黑土的平均抗蚀年限最长,且随着坡度的增加,抗蚀年限逐渐减少;从土地利用类型来看,林地、草地的抗蚀年限明显长于耕地、城乡工矿居民用地、裸地等。

Soil erosion risk is used to evaluate and predict the severity of soil erosion and land resource destruction.Taking Zhangkoutun small watershed in Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province for example,we used the slope erosion data in 2005 to estimate the anti-erosion annually of black soil layer.Then we used GIS to conduct spatial superposition statistical analysis of erosion risk and geographical environment factors,and discussed the relationship between soil erosion and land use,soil type and slope.The results show that the anti-erosion annually of black soil with broken skin and clay bottom is the shortest,and the average anti-erosion annually of thick clay bottom black soil is the longest.At the same time,with the increase of slope,the anti-erosion annually gradually decreases.According to the land use type,the anti-erosion annually of woodland and grassland are significantly longer than that of cultivated land,urban and rural industrial and mining residential land and bare land.