木霉生物育苗基质中功能菌数量对辣椒促生效应的影响

Effects of the amount of Trcichoderma in the bio-nursey substrates on the growth promotion of pepper

[目的]本文旨在研究含不同木霉菌数量的生物育苗基质对辣椒种苗生长及其移栽后辣椒单株果实重的影响,揭示生物育苗基质中功能菌数量与作物促生效应的相关关系。[方法]采用室内育苗及田间试验研究含不同数量级木霉菌的生物育苗基质对辣椒种苗生物量、壮苗指数以及种苗移栽后辣椒株高、茎粗、单株果实重及根际木霉菌数量的影响。[结果]两季辣椒育苗试验结果均表明,与不含木霉菌的普通育苗基质对照(SCK)相比,含107 CFU·g^(-1)木霉生物育苗基质处理(S4)种苗的地上部干重均显著增加42.9%和75.0%,而含107 CFU·g^(-1)(S4)、106 CFU·g^(-1)(S3)及105 CFU·g^(-1)(S2)的木霉生物育苗基质处理壮苗指数第1季显著增加61.4%、40.4%和15.8%;第2季显著增加66.7%、50.0%和18.8%。与普通育苗基质培育的辣椒种苗移栽田间对照(CK)相比,含107和106 CFU·g^(-1)木霉菌生物育苗基质培育的辣椒种苗移栽田间处理(T4、T3)的辣椒根际土壤木霉数量均显著增加,两季平均增加8.1%和5.4%;含107、106和105 CFU·g^(-1)木霉菌生物育苗基质培育的辣椒种苗移栽田间处理(T4、T3、T2)的辣椒单株果实重均显著增加,两季平均增加61.2%、39.6%和21.4%。皮尔逊相关性分析结果表明,基质中木霉数量与辣椒种苗地上部干重、移栽后辣椒单株果实重及根际土木霉数量之间呈极显著正相关关系。[结论]木霉生物育苗基质中功能菌数量大于105 CFU·g^(-1)对辣椒育苗及其移栽后的生长具有显著促进作用,并且促生增产效应随功能菌添加量的增加而增强。

[Objectives]The effects of the amount of Trichoderma in bio-nursey substrates on the growth of pepper seedlings and fruit weight per plant of pepper after transplanted into field were studied to reveal the relationship between the number of functional microbes in the bio-nursey substrates and the crop growth promoting effects.[Methods]The effects of bio-nursey substrates containing different amounts of Trichoderma on the dry weight and seedling index of pepper seedlings,fruit weight per plant of pepper after seedlings transplanted into field and the number of Trichoderma in the rhizosphere were studied using greenhouse and field experiments.[Results]The results of the two-seasonal pepper seedlings cultivation experiments showed that compared with the control of common nursey substrate without Trichoderma addition(SCK),the dry weight of pepper shoot for treatment containing 107 CFU·g^(-1) Trichoderma bio-nursey substrate(S4)significantly increased by 42.9%and 75.0%.Meanwhile,the strong seedling indices for treatments containing 107 CFU·g^(-1)(S4),106 CFU·g^(-1)(S3)and 105 CFU·g^(-1)(S2)Trichaderma bio-nursey substrate significantly increased by 61.4%,40.4%and 15.8%in the first season and significantly increased by 66.7%,50.0%and 18.8%in the second season.Further the results of the two-season field trials exhibited that,compared to the control(CK)of pepper seedlings cultivated in the ordinary nursey substrate transplanted into field,the number of Trichoderma in the pepper rhizosphere was significantly enriched for the treatments of pepper seedlings grown in the bio-nursey substrates containing 107 CFU·g^(-1)(T4)or 106 CFU·g^(-1)(T3)Trichoderma transplanted into filed.An average increase of 8.1%and 5.4%for the number of Trichoderma in the the pepper rhizosphere for T4 and T3 treatments compared to CK were observed in the two seasons.The fruit weight per plant of pepper of treatments of pepper seedlings grown in the bio-nursey substrates containing 107 CFU·g^(-1)(T4),106 CFU·g^(-1)(T3),105 CFU·g^(-1)(T2)Trichoderma transplanted into filed significantly increased by 61.2%,39.6%and 21.4%on average in the two seasons.Moreover,Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the number of Trichoderma in the bio-nursey substrates and the biomass of pepper seedlings,the fruit weight per plant of pepper thereafter transplanted into field,and the amount of Trichoderma in the rhizosphere.[Conclusions]The bio-nursey substrates containing more than 105 CFU·g^(-1) of Trichoderma could significantly promote the growth of pepper seedlings and yield after seedlings transplanted into field.And the effects of growth promotion and yield increasement is enhanced with the increases in the amount of functional microbes added into bio-nursey substrates.