新《环境保护法》中按日计罚制度的实践、问题与对策

Practice,Problems and Countermeasures of Daily Penalty System in the New Environmental Protection Law

对新《环境保护法》中按日计罚制度实施以来立法与执法实践进行考察,发现按日计罚制度在执法实践中存在总体适用率相对偏低、平均处罚金额相对较小的情况。对此,通过文献分析和实证分析,总结造成当前按日计罚制度实际适用情况存在的主要问题,分别是法律性质归属依旧不清、单一化模式作用有限和计罚考量因素不全面。在借鉴域外经验和结合我国实际的基础上,提出破解当前按日计罚制度存在问题的对策——明析法律性质的归属、有序转变单一化模式和健全计罚考量因素,以推动我国按日计罚制度的进一步发展。

Based on the investigation of legislation and law enforcement practice since the implementation of the daily penalty system in the new environmental protection law,it is found that the overall application rate of the daily penalty system in law enforcement practice is relatively low and the average penalty amount is relatively small,and the average amount of punishment is relatively small.In this regard,through literature analysis and empirical analysis,summarize the main problems that cause the current practical application of the daily penalty system to be existed,namely,the legal nature is still unclear,the role of the single model is limited and the consideration factors of the daily penalty system are not comprehensive.On the basis of drawing lessons from foreign experience and combining with the reality of our country,this paper puts forward the countermeasures to solve the existing problems of the current system of daily penalty,which are to clarify the attribution of legal nature,orderly change the single mode and perfect the factors of calculating daily penalty,in order to promote the further development of the system of daily penalty in China.