违约方合同解除权的适用困境与解决路径

The Practical Difficulties and Solutions of the Breaching Party’s Right to Rescind the Contract

《民法典》第五百八十条第二款赋予合同当事人的特定条件下申请合同终止的权利,为违约方实现合同解除提供了途径,对解决实践中的合同僵局问题具有重要价值。但基于继续履行请求权被排除的范围限定、故意违约无从救济以及违约方合同解除权自身的形成诉权性质致使其在适用上存在范围狭隘、考量因素不当和程序实现复杂的问题,在解决路径上应当注重考量合同僵局成因本身,扩大适用范围和优化程序要件以解决适用中的难题。

The second paragraph of Article 580 of The Civil Code gives the parties to the contract the right to apply for contract termination under specific conditions,which provides a way for the breaching party to realize the termination of the contract,and is of great value to solving the contract deadlock in practice.However,due to the limitation of the scope of the exclusion of the right to continue to perform the request,the inability to remedy the intentional breach of contract,and the nature of the right to terminate the contract of the breaching party itself,the application of this provision faces problems like the narrowness in scope,improper consideration of factors,and complicated procedural realization.More attention should be paid to considering the causes of contract deadlock,expanding the scope of application and optimizing the procedural requirements to solve the problems in application.