农业资源再配置的生产率效应评估

Assessment of the Productivity Effect of Agricultural Resource Reallocation

优化农业资源配置对促进农业生产率增长具有重要作用。以劳动生产率、土地生产率和全要素生产率为例,基于1384个县的面板数据,通过OP协方差分解考察了农业资源再配置及其对农业生产率的影响。研究发现:分要素来看,劳动要素再配置和土地要素再配置均较为滞后,农业综合资源再配置则有所改善;分地区来看,与东部、中部和西部地区相比,东北地区的劳动要素再配置、土地要素再配置和综合资源再配置均较为滞后;从生产率效应来看,劳动要素的最优再配置可提升54.64%的劳动生产率,土地要素的最优再配置可提升55.86%的土地生产率,资源再配置贡献了17.37%的全要素生产率增长。农业资源再配置具有较大的潜在生产率效应。为此,应在政策制定上给予优化农业资源配置更多关注,重点推进农业土地和劳动要素的优化配置,充分发挥农业资源再配置对生产率增长的驱动作用。

Optimizing the allocation of agricultural resources plays an important role in promoting the growth of agricultural productivity.Based on 1384 county-level panel data from 2002 to 2015,this paper estimates the resource reallocation and its productivity contribution by OP decomposition,taking labor productivity,land productivity and total factor productivity as examples.The results show that:1)overall,the reallocation of land factors and labor factors are both lagging behind,while agribusiness resource reallocation has improved;2)from the perspective of sample distribution,the reallocation of labor factors,land factor and integrated resource is lagging behind in northeast;3)from the perspective of productivity effect,the optimal reallocation of labor factors can increase labor productivity by 54.64%,the optimal reallocation of land factors can increase land productivity by 55.86%,and resource reallocation contributes 17.37%of total factor productivity growth.Agricultural resource reallocation has a large potential productivity effect.Therefore,more attention should be given to the optimal allocation of agricultural resources in policy formulation,especially for the reallocation of land and labor,so as to make full use of the productivity effect of resource reallocation.