论元末文人“崇杜”与“学杜”

Worship and Learning of DU Fu in the Late Yuan Dynasty

元末文人对杜甫流离生活的切身感受以及将杜甫作为忧国忧君、忠君爱国的精神偶像是其“崇杜”的主要表现。故此,他们从老杜的襟怀中寻求安身立命的精神支柱,从杜诗中提取感动人心的精神力量。此外,元末文人“崇杜”还表现在他们对杜甫放怀自适、安其所遇的人格魅力的激赏。在“崇杜”的同时他们也“学杜”,杜诗被作为元代诗歌启蒙教育的典范教材,“仿杜”与“注杜”成为一时风尚,并且以杜诗为评裁标准选编、评点当代诗作。当然,元末文人“学杜”更注重对杜诗的取法,在对杜诗的取法与练择中,形成了他们独具个性的诗学内容。

The literati at the end of the Yuan Dynasty had a personal feeling for DU Fu's displaced life and regarded DU Fu as a spiritual idol who was worried about the country and the king,loyal and patriotic,which was the main expression of their“admiration for DU”.They seek the spiritual pillar for their lives from him,and extract the spiritual power that moves people's hearts from his poems.The literati at the end of the Yuan Dynasty also showed their appreciation for DU Fu's charismatic personality as a self-effacing man who was comfortable in his own skin and at peace with what he encountered.At the same time,they also“learn from DU”,and DU poetry was used as a model textbook for poetry enlightenment in the Yuan Dynasty,and“imitating DU”and“noting DU”became a fashion.In the late Yuan Dynasty,the literati formed their unique poetic content by taking and practicing DU poems.