班固与汉代史学的转向

BAN Gu and the Historiography Turn in the Han Dynasty

纵观两汉史学发展,有几点明显的转变:在史学功能方面,从以批判为主转向以颂扬为主;在史书体例方面,从以通史为主转向以断代史为主;在史书撰写方面,从以个人为主转向以团队为主;在修史组织方面,从以私撰为主转向以官修为主。这既是汉代史学的转向,也是整个中国古代史学的转向,对传统史学的发展影响深远。在汉代史学转向的过程中,班固或主动作为,或被动加入,发挥了不可替代的重要作用。

Viewing the development of historiography in the Han Dynasty,there are several obvious changes:in terms of functions,it has shifted from criticism to praise;in the style,it has shifted from general to chronological;in writing,it has shifted from individual to group;in the editing,it has shifted from private to official.This is not only the turn of Han Dynasty historiography,but also the turn of ancient Chinese historiography,which has a profound impact on the development of traditional historiography.In the whole process,BAN Gu played an irreplaceable role by either actively acting or passively involved.