规范的建构主义与重构主义--论当代批判理论的两条阐释进路

Normative Constructivism and Reconstructionism:Two Approaches of Contemporary Critical Theory

当代批判理论重视规范问题研究,以哈贝马斯、霍耐特、弗斯特和耶吉为代表的批判理论家探讨了规范问题,形成了当代批判理论的规范建构主义阐释进路和规范重建主义阐释进路。哈贝马斯在后形而上学背景下重视道德规范的程序论证,强调规范的普遍化,把批判理论引向规范研究的康德道德建构主义阐释进路。霍耐特继续推进了规范研究,发展了黑格尔的伦理生活观,走出了规范性与经验性相结合的伦理重构主义阐释进路。以弗斯特和耶吉为代表的新生一代批判理论家延续了规范研究传统,在康德建构主义和黑格尔重构主义阐释进路之间进行策略选择。哈贝马斯及其之后批判理论的规范建构主义和重构主义阐释进路呈现出相互融合趋势,并顺应了批判理论的政治伦理转向。

Contemporary critical theory pays more attention to the study of normative issues,and critical theorists represented by Habermas,Honneth,Forst and Jaeggi discuss the normative issues,forming the normative construction and reconstruction approach of contemporary critical theory.Habermas attaches importance to the procedural argument of moral norms in the post-metaphysical background,emphasizing the generalization of norms,and leading critical theory to Kant's moral constructivist.Honneth continues to promote normative research,developing Hegel's ethical life view,and entering into ethical reconstructive interpretation approach combining normative and empirical.The new generation of critical theorists,represented by Forst and Jaeggi,continue the tradition of normative research and make a strategic choice between Kant's constructivism and Hegelian reconstructionism.Habermas and the subsequent critical theory normative constructivism and reconstructionist expounding approaches show a trend of mutual integration and conform to the political and ethical turn of critical theory.