法律与政治权力--从诺伊曼到哈贝马斯

Law and Political Power:from Neumann to Habermas

法兰克福学派早期代表诺伊曼基于德国法治实践的考究,聚焦法律的本质、功能和价值维度,铺陈他对法律与政治权力运用之正当性的理解。诺伊曼对官僚化和政治权力之经济根源的剖析,突显了民主制度将政治权力置于有效法规的监管之下的重要性。哈贝马斯汲取诺伊曼的理论主张,在现代性重建论域下阐释法律的功能和法治的未来出路,尝试找寻一个独立于政治权力与经济权力的公共领域,这一现实社会根基彰显了政治权力正当性的规范性内涵,政治权力区分为交往权力与行政权力,法律与政治权力以及政治权力与交往权力在程序主义民主法治中呈现为构成性关系。诺伊曼与哈贝马斯从事实与规范的双重视角来解读法律与政治权力的关系,他们的理论主张也存有一定的局限性。

Neumann,an early representative of the Frankfurt school,focuses on the essence,function and value dimensions of law based on the study of the practice of the rule of law in Germany,and presents his understanding of the legitimacy of the use of law and political power.Neumann's analysis on the economic root of bureaucracy and political power highlights the importance of a democratic system that places political power under the supervision of effective law and regulations.Drawing on Neumann's theoretical propositions,Habermas explains the function of law and the future way out of the rule of law in the domain of the modernity reconstruction,trying to seek for a public sphere independent of the political power and economic power.This realistic social foundation manifests the normative connotation of the legitimacy of political power.Political power is divided into communicative power and administrative power.Law and political power,as well as political power and communicative power,are constructive relationship in the procedural democratic rule of law.Neumann and Habermas interpret the relationship between law and political power from the dual perspectives of facts and norms,and their theoretical propositions also have certain limitations.