白马雪山国家级自然保护区“天空地一体化”生态监测技术体系构建初探

Integrated Aerial-space-ground Ecological Monitoring Technology System of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve

以白马雪山国家级自然保护区为监测对象,设置植物群落监测固定样地7块、动物监测样线2条、红外相机布设线路2条及环境要素监测点11个。采用地面监测、低空无人机监测、遥感监测3种方法,对白马雪山国家级自然保护区进行“天空地一体化”生态监测,结果显示:7个植物群落监测样地中物种丰富度最高的是位于海拔3074 m的温性针阔混交林样方;动物样线和红外相机共监测到5种国家Ⅰ级保护动物和12种国家Ⅱ级保护动物的活动踪迹;无人机监测获取了样地及周边的光谱数据,并构建了三维数据模型;白马雪山国家级自然保护区景观格局以有林地、草地和灌木林地3种景观类型为主,其中有林地面积占比就达到了66%,主要分布在监测区南部、中部和东北部;保护区自然环境较好,空气质量优良率和珠巴洛河入金沙江口水质达到或优于Ⅱ类以上比例均为100%。

This study takes Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve as the monitoring area,it sets up 7 fixed sample plots for plant community monitoring,2 animal monitoring routes equipped with infrared camera and 11 environmental element monitoring points.We have initially constructed an integrated aerial-space-ground ecological monitoring technology system,which combines ground monitoring,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)monitoring and satellite remote sensing monitoring.The results showed that the highest species richness of the seven plant community monitoring plots was the warm coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at an altitude of 3074 m;By the animal monitoring routes equipped with infrared camera,we have found the activity traces of 5 species of the national first grade protected wildlife and 16 species of the national second grade protected wildlife of China;By UAV monitoring,we have obtained the spectral data of the sample plot and its surroundings,and constructed a three-dimensional data model;The landscape pattern of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is mainly composed of three landscape types:forest land,grassland and shrub land.The forest land area accounts for 66%,which is mainly distributed in the south,middle and northeast of the monitoring area.Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve has good natural environmental conditions and excellent air quality;it reaches or exceeds the second degree of water quality standard at the cross of Zhubaluo River and Jinsha River.