云南佤族地区家庭菜园对蔬菜种质资源的就地保护研究

In-situ Conservation of Vegetable Germplasm Resources at the Home Gardens of Wa Areas,Southwestern Yunnan Province

家庭菜园是农业生物多样性就地保护的重要场所,不仅维持蔬菜供给的自给自足能力,增加收入,也对我国蔬菜遗传资源保护具有重要意义。本文以云南沧源和西盟两个边境县为研究区域,采用调查问卷和半结构访谈的方法调查6个佤族村寨的家庭菜园的蔬菜资源以及相关传统文化。结果显示:佤族家庭菜园的蔬菜品种资源丰富,栽培蔬菜52种,野生16种,共收集96个蔬菜品种,包括61个地方品种,部分蔬菜作物兼有药用和饲用的功能,该地区佤族村寨家庭菜园的土地利用模式维持良好,家庭菜园面积10~30 m^(2)的最为普遍,妇女对家庭菜园内蔬菜栽培与管理担任决策者与执行者的双重角色;佤族农户对蔬菜种质资源具有较强的就地保护的意识。研究建议:民族地区村落发展应保留家庭菜园的土地规划,农业相关部门与科研单位加强对妇女的技能培训,从而鼓励农户对传统蔬菜遗传资源的保存与留种,同时加强对传统文化的保护,促进蔬菜种质资源的就地保护与社区可持续发展。

Home gardens are recognized as in-situ conservation sources of agricultural biodiversity,which not only maintains the self-sufficiency of vegetable supply and increases households’income,but also plays an important role in the conservation of vegetable germplasm resources in China.This research was conducted in Cangyuan and Ximeng,two border counties in Yunnan Province,through questionnaire and semi-structured interviewsto investigate the vegetable resources and related traditional culture in the homegardens of six Wa villages.The results showed that there were abundant vegetable plantsin the Wa homegardens,including 52 cultivated vegetable species and 16 wild vegetable species.A total of 96 vegetable varieties including 61 local varieties were collected.There was a phenomenon that some vegetables have both medicinal and forage functions.The land use pattern of homegardens in Wavillages was well maintained,with an area of 10-30 m^(2)being the most common scale.Women are decision-makers in the cultivation and management of vegetables in the homegardens.Wa farmers have a strong sense of in-situ conservationof vegetable germplasm resources.We proposed that village development in ethnic area should retain homegardens in land planning,agriculture departments and scientific research units should strengthen the training skills of women to encourage them to preserve local vegetable resources.Also,by strengtheningthe protection of traditional culture willhave important significance to the conservation of vegetable germplasm resources and promoting sustainable development of the community.