大学教学有效性研究的向度与启示--基于CNKI近二十年文献的SLR分析

The direction and Enlightenment of the Research on the University Teaching Effectiveness--SLR analysis based on CNKI literature in the past 20 years

在“新世纪高等教育教学改革工程”项目的推动下,国内众多学者不断发出对大学教学有效性的追问。文章采用SLR系统文献分析方法,并遵循其操作指南,整理回顾了已报告的中国知网核心期刊及博士论文(2000年-2019年)文献资料,结果发现已有研究主要围绕大学教学有效性的内涵、标准、影响因素和提升策略等四个方面展开。教学有效性主要是指从教学效果、效率和效益三个方面考查教学目标的达成情况,其标准内容主要从教师教学和学生学习结果与过程等方面作出规定。大学教学有效性的影响因素除教师、学生和教学环境外,还与教学的内容及方式方法密切相关。关于提升教学有效性的策略,普遍认为应完善质量监测机制、全面优化教学、促进教师发展和加强环境支撑。尽管上述领域的研究取得丰硕成果,但诸如多元化标准的统整、教与学关系的把控、教学与科研的平衡、即时性与长效性的统一等问题还需进一步深入分析和讨论。

Driven by the project of"higher education reform in the new century",many domestic scholars have been asking about the effectiveness of university teaching.Using Systematic Literature Review method and following its operation guide,this paper reviews the reported literature of CNKI core journals and doctoral dissertation(2000-2019).The results show that the existing research mainly focuses on the connotation,standards,influencing factors and promotion strategies of university teaching effectiveness.Teaching effectiveness mainly refers to examining the achievement of teaching objectives from three aspects of teaching effect,efficiency and beneficial result,and its standard content mainly includes the provisions of teachers'teaching and students'learning results and processes.Besides teachers,students and teaching environment,the influencing factors of university teaching effectiveness are closely related to teaching contents and methods.As for the strategies to improve the effectiveness of teaching,it is generally believed that we should improve the quality monitoring mechanism,optimize teaching in an all-round way,promote the development of teachers and strengthen environmental support.Although the research in the above areas has achieved fruitful results,such issues as the integration of diversified standards,the control of the relationship between teaching and learning,the balance between teaching and scientific research,the unity of timeliness and long-term need further in-depth analysis and discussion.