无意识记忆的塑造、颠覆与重塑——以《众生之路》中的欧内斯特为例

The Shaping,Subversion and Reconstruction of Unconscious Memory——A Case Study of Ernest in The Way of All Flesh

《众生之路》是英国作家塞缪尔·巴特勒花费十余年时间创作的一部自传体小说。巴特勒因这部小说成为了维多利亚时期英国教会和科学的撼动者。巴特勒反对当时极为流行的达尔文进化论思想,偏向法国博物学家让·巴蒂斯特·拉马克的观点,认为物种的起源不仅是自然选择的结果,还牵涉到记忆的问题。该小说展现出主线人物欧内斯特的个体无意识记忆的形成、发展、颠覆的全过程。欧内斯特通过打破无意识记忆的进化链,进而实现自我重塑,获得新生。

The Way of All Flesh(1903)is an autobiographical novel written by the British writer Samuel Butler over a decade.Butler became a shock to the church and science of Victorian Britain with this satirical novel.Butler rejected the popular Darwinian theory of evolution and favored the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.Butler basically inherited the latter's view that the origin of species was not only the result of"natural selection",but also relevant to memory.This novel shows the whole process of the formation,development and subversion of the individual unconscious memory of the main character Ernest,who breaks the evolutionary chain of unconscious memory to achieve self-reconstruction and get a totally-new life.