摘要
表观遗传修饰是指染色体DNA和组蛋白上的化学修饰,主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA。在不改变DNA序列的情况下,这些修饰可以通过改变染色质状态来影响遗传信息的表达,并具有可遗传性,对植物的生长发育具有重要的调控作用。当特定的表观遗传修饰发生改变时,农作物可以获得优异的表型、更强的环境适应性,因此人为改变表观遗传修饰有望获得更适于农业生产的优质种质资源。本文综述了植物表观遗传修饰的主要类型及其在作物重要性状的形成和环境胁迫响应中的相关研究进展,总结了表观遗传学应用于作物改良必须解决的主要问题,以期在表观遗传修饰层面为作物的育种改良提供新思路。
Epigenetic modification refers to the chemical modifications of chromosomal DNA and histones,mainly including DNA methylation,histone modifications and non-coding RNAs.Without altering the DNA sequence,these heritable modifications can affect gene expression profiles by changing the chromatin state and play an important role in regulating the growth and development of plants.When the specific epigenetic modifications are changed,crops can obtain excellent phenotypes and stronger environmental adaptability.Therefore,artificially changing the epigenetic modifications are expected to obtain high-quality germplasm resources more suitable for agricultural production.In this review,we summarize the main types of plant epigenetic modifications,highlight the research progresses of functional plant epigenetic modifications on the important traits and responses to environmental stress,and identify the main problems that need be solved in the application of epigenetics in crop improvement,thereby providing new insights for the functional epigenetic modifications on crop breeding and improvement.
作者
王雅楠
徐涛
王万鹏
张庆祝
解莉楠
Ya'nan Wang;Tao Xu;Wanpeng Wang;Qingzhu Zhang;Li'nan Xie(College of Life Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration,Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《遗传》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期858-879,共22页
Hereditas（Beijing)
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:31871220)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:CAFYBB2019ZY003)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:2572020DP01,2572017DA06)
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(编号:LH2021C005)
黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(编号:201910225303)资助。
