论个人利益与社会利益的关系--边沁和密尔的利益观初探

On the Relationship Between Personal Interests and Social Interests--On Bentham and Mill’s View of Interests

自近代以来,个人利益和社会利益的关系问题一直是理论热点和学术争论的焦点,功利主义作为近现代西方社会的一大理论思潮,对这一热点问题也作出了相应的回应。边沁把社会利益仅仅视作个人利益的简单相加,从而招致了一些批评;为了弥补边沁利益观的缺陷,密尔提出了“自我牺牲”理论,可是这一理论依然面临着无法克服的内在逻辑矛盾。其实,不仅功利主义的利益观存在相应的缺陷,在私有制条件下任何理论都无法正确处理个人利益与社会利益之间的关系。只有消灭了私有制,人类进入共产主义社会之后,个人利益与社会利益才能真正实现和谐统一。

Since modern times,the relationship between personal interests and social interests has been the focus of theoretical and academic debate.Utilitarianism,as a major theoretical trend of thought in modern western society,has also made a corresponding response to this hot issue.Bentham regarded social interests as a simple addition of personal interests,which led to some criticism.In order to make up for the defects of Bentham’s view of interests,Mill put forward the theory of“self sacrifice”,but this theory still faces insurmountable internal logical contradictions.In fact,not only the utilitarian view of interests has corresponding defects,but also any theory cannot correctly deal with the relationship between personal interests and social interests under the condition of private ownership.Only after the elimination of private ownership and the entry of mankind into the Communist society,can personal interests and social interests truly achieve harmony and unity.